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:''For the Italian city, see Santi Cosma e Damiano, Lazio''. The basilica of Santi Cosma e Damiano is a church in Italy, located in the Roman Forum. It is one of the ancient churches called ''tituli'', of which cardinals are patrons as cardinal-deacons: the current Cardinal Deacon of the ''Titulus Ss. Cosmae et Damiani'' is Beniamino Stella, created Cardinal on 22 February 2014. The basilica, devoted to the two Greek brothers, doctors, martyrs and saints Cosmas and Damian, is located in the Forum of Vespasian, also known as the ''Forum of Peace''. == History == The Temple of Romulus was dedicated by Emperor Maxentius to his son Valerius Romulus, who died in childhood in 309 and was rendered divine honours. A coin from 307 AD depicting the unusual round shape of the building, associates this building with Maxentius. It is possible that the temple was originally the temple of "Jupiter Stator" or the one dedicated to Penates, and that Maxentius restored it before the re-dedication. The ancient Roman temple was Christianized and dedicated to ''Sancti Cosma et Damianus'' in 527, when Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, and his daughter Amalasuntha donated the library of the Forum of Peace (''Bibliotheca Pacis'') and a portion of the Temple of Romulus to Pope Felix IV. The pope united the two buildings to create a basilica devoted to two Greek brothers and saints, Cosmas and Damian, in contrast with the ancient pagan cult of the two brothers Castor and Pollux, who had been worshipped in the nearby Temple of Castor and Pollux. The apse was decorated with a Roman-Byzantine mosaic, representing a ''parousia'', the Second Coming of Christ at the end of time. The bodies of Saints Mark and Marcellian were translated, perhaps in the ninth century, to this church, where they were rediscovered in 1583 during the reign of Pope Gregory XIII. In 1632, Pope Urban VIII ordered the restoration of the basilica. The works, projected by Orazio Torriani and directed by Luigi Arrigucci, raised the floor level seven metres, bringing it equal with the ''Campo Vaccino'', thus avoiding the infiltration of water. Also, a cloister was added. The old floor of the basilica is still visible in the lower church, which is actually the lower part of the first church. In 1947, the restorations of the Imperial Forums gave a new structure to the church. The old entrance, through the ''Temple of Romulus'', was closed, and the temple restored to its original forms; with the Pantheon, the ''Temple of Romulus'' is the best preserved pagan temple in Rome. A new entrance was opened on the opposite side (on ''via dei Fori Imperiali''), whose arch gives access to the cloister, and through this to the side of the basilica. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Santi Cosma e Damiano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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